High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Unfortunately, many people are unaware that they have hypertension because it often causes no symptoms until serious complications develop. This is why hypertension is often called the "silent killer."
What is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries. It is measured using two numbers:
According to current guidelines, a blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mmHg is considered hypertension in most office settings.
Why is Hypertension Dangerous?
Uncontrolled hypertension damages blood vessels and vital organs over time. It significantly increases the risk of:
These symptoms usually appear when blood pressure is severely elevated.
How is Hypertension Diagnosed?
Diagnosis requires repeated blood pressure measurements on different occasions. Home blood pressure monitoring and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be recommended in selected patients.
Limit salt consumption to less than 5 grams per day.
Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and low-fat dairy products.
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week.
Even modest weight loss can significantly lower blood pressure.
Smoking dramatically increases cardiovascular risk.
Meditation, yoga, adequate sleep, and relaxation techniques can help.
Do I Need Lifelong Medication?
Many patients require long-term medication to keep blood pressure under control. Stopping medicines without medical advice can result in dangerous blood pressure spikes and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
When Should You See a Cardiologist?
Hypertension is common, but it is also highly treatable. Regular monitoring, healthy lifestyle choices, and adherence to prescribed medications can dramatically reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular complications.
Remember: the best time to detect hypertension is before it causes damage.